TOPIC 1.1 - Introduction to Maps
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers use maps and data to depict relationships of time, space, and scale.
- Identify types of maps, the types of information presented in maps, and different kinds of spatial patterns and relationships portrayed in maps.
- Types of maps include reference maps and thematic maps.
- Types of spatial patterns represented on maps include absolute and relative distance and direction, clustering, dispersal, and elevation.
- All maps are selective in information; map projections inevitably distort spatial relationships in shape, area, distance, and direction.
- Data Analysis: Identify the different types of data presented in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data.
- Elements of maps
- Map projections
- Reference maps
- Thematic maps
- Chloropleth maps
- Isoline maps
- Dot maps
- Map interpretation
- Spatial
- Absolute (location and distance)
- Relative (location and distance)
- Site
- Situation
- 5 themes of geography
- Mental maps
- Distortion
- Poles
- Latitude
- Longitude
- Equator
- Tropics
- Prime meridian
- International date line
- Time zones
TOPIC 1.2 - Geographic Data
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers use maps and data to depict relationships of time, space, and scale.
- Identify different methods of collecting data.
- Data may be gathered in the field by organizations or by individuals.
- Geospatial technologies include geographic information systems (GIS), satellite navigation systems, remote sensing, and online mapping and visualization.
- Spatial information can come from written accounts in the form of field observations, media reports, travel narratives, policy documents, personal interviews, landscape analysis, and photographic interpretation.
- Data Analysis: Identify the different types of data presented in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- Computer mapping
- Remote sensing
- Satellite imagery
- Aerial photo
- Quantitative
- Qualitative
- Importance of observation
- Field work
- Scale
TOPIC 1.3 - The Power of Geographic Data
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers use maps and data to depict relationships of time, space, and scale.
- Explain the geographical effects of decisions made using geographical information.
- Geospatial and geographical data, including census data and satellite imagery, are used at all scales for personal, business and organizational, and governmental decision making purposes
- Data Analysis: Describe spatial patterns presented in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data.
- Networks
- Linkages
- Interdependence
- Diffusion types
- Expansion diffusion
- Contagious diffusion
- Hierarchical diffusion
- Stimulus diffusion
- Relocation diffusion
- Hearth
- Toponym
- Accessibility
- Connectivity
- Infrastructure
- Transition zone
TOPIC 1.4 - Spatial Concepts
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers analyze relationships among and between places to reveal important spatial patterns.
- Define major geographic concepts that illustrate spatial relationships.
- Spatial concepts include absolute and relative location, space, place, flows, distance decay, time-space compression, and pattern.
- Data Analysis: Describe spatial patterns presented in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data.
- Absolute location
- Relative location
- Space
- Place
- Distance decay
- Time-space compression
- Distribution
- Density
- Concentration
- Dispersed
- Clustered
- Cultural/Built landscape
- Sequent occupance
TOPIC 1.5 - Human-Environment Interaction
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers analyze relationships among and between places to reveal important spatial patterns.
- Explain how major geographic concepts illustrate spatial relationships.
- Concepts of nature and society include sustainability, natural resources, and land use.
- Theories regarding the interaction of the natural environment with human societies have evolved from environmental determinism to possibilism.
- Concepts and Processes: Explain geographic concepts, processes, models, and theories.
- Ecumene
- Sustainability
- Carrying capacity
- Natural resource
- Renewable resource
- Environmental determinism
- Possiblism
- Cultural/Political ecology
TOPIC 1.6 - Scales of Analysis
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers analyze relationships among and between places to reveal important spatial patterns.
- Define scales of analysis used by geographers.
- Explain what scales of analysis reveal.
- Scales of analysis include global, regional, national, and local.
- Patterns and processes at different scales reveal variations in, and different interpretations of, data.
- Scale Analysis: Identify the scales of analysis presented by maps, quantitative and geospatial data, images, and landscapes.
- Scales of analysis
- Local
- Regional
- National
- Global
TOPIC 1.7 - Regional Analysis
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Geographers analyze complex issues and relationships with a distinctively spatial perspective.
- Describe different ways that geographers define regions.
- Regions are defined on the basis of one or more unifying characteristics or on patterns of activity.
- Types of regions include formal, functional, and perceptual/vernacular.
- Regional boundaries are transitional and often contested and overlapping.
- Geographers apply regional analysis at local, national, and global scales.
- Concepts and Processes: Describe geographic concepts, processes, models, and theories.
- Regionalization
- Formal region
- Functional region
- Perceptual/Vernacular region