TOPIC 3.1 - Introduction to Culture
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural practices vary across geographical locations because of physical geography and available resources.
- Define the characteristics, attitudes, and traits that influence geographers when they study culture.
- Culture comprises the shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society.
- Cultural traits include such things as food preferences, architecture, and land use.
- Cultural relativism and ethnocentrism are different attitudes toward cultural difference.
- Source Analysis: Identify the different types of information presented in visual sources.
- Definition of culture
- Cultural adoption examples
- Cultural traits and complex
- Material vs non-material culture
- Cultural relativism
- Ethnocentrism
- Folk vs popular culture
- Popular culture hearths
- Role of diffusion, globalization and popular culture
- Role of diffusion and globalization on folk culture
- Cultural/Political ecology
TOPIC 3.2 - Cultural Landscapes
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural practices vary across geographical locations because of physical geography and available resources.
- Describe the characteristics of cultural landscapes.
- Explain how landscape features and land and resource use reflect cultural beliefs and identities.
- Cultural landscapes are combinations of physical features, agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, evidence of sequent occupancy, and other expressions of culture including traditional and postmodern architecture and land-use patterns.
- Attitudes toward ethnicity and gender, including the role of women in the workforce; ethnic neighborhoods; and indigenous communities and lands help shape the use of space in a given society.
- Source Analysis: Describe the spatial patterns presented in visual sources.
- Cultural landscapes
- Sense of place and culture
- Identity
- Gender and activity spaces
- Race and racism
- Ethnicity
- Ethnic neighborhoods and enclaves
- Toponyms
- Cultural regions and realms
- Formal regions
- Perceptual/Vernacular regions
- Functional/Nodal regions
TOPIC 3.3 - Cultural Patterns
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural practices vary across geographical locations because of physical geography and available resources.
- Explain patterns and landscapes of language, religion, ethnicity, and gender.
- Regional patterns of language, religion, and ethnicity contribute to a sense of place, enhance placemaking, and shape the global cultural landscape.
- Language, ethnicity, and religion are factors in creating centripetal and centrifugal forces.
- Source Analysis: Explain patterns and trends in visual sources to draw conclusions.
- Language
- Language families, branches, and groups
- Dialect
- Isogloss
- Language convergence and divergence
- Role of isolation vs interaction on language
- Official languages
- Colonialism and language diffusion
- History of the English language
- Lingua franca
- Creole and pidgin languages
- Syncretism
- Cultural transition zones
- Extinct and revived languages
TOPIC 3.4 - Types of Diffusion
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- The interaction of people contributes to the spread of cultural practices.
- Define the types of diffusion.
- Relocation and expansion—including contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus expansion—are types of diffusion.
- Concepts and Processes: Describe a relevant geographic concept, process, model, or theory in a specified context.
- Cultural diffusion
- Relocation diffusion
- Expansion diffusion
- Contagious diffusion
- Heirarchical diffusion
- Stimulus diffusion
- Acculturation
- Assimilation
TOPIC 3.5 - Historical Causes of Diffusion
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
FRQ's - 2015 #2
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural ideas, practices, and innovations change or disappear over time.
- Explain how historical processes impact current cultural patterns.
- Interactions between and among cultural traits and larger global forces can lead to new forms of cultural expression; for example, creolization and lingua franca.
- Colonialism, imperialism, and trade helped to shape patterns and practices of culture.
- Spatial Relationships: Explain a likely outcome in a geographic scenario using geographic concepts, processes, models, or theories.
- Colonialism
- Imperialism
- Mercantilism
- Capitalism
- Ideology
- Distance decay
FRQ's - 2015 #2
TOPIC 3.6 - Contemporary Causes of Diffusion
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural ideas, practices, and innovations change or disappear over time.
- Explain how historical processes impact current cultural patterns.
- Cultural ideas and practices are socially constructed and change through both small-scale and large-scale processes such as urbanization and globalization. These processes come to bear on culture through media, technological change, politics, economics, and social relationships.
- Communication technologies, such as the internet and the time-space convergence, are reshaping and accelerating interactions among people; changing cultural practices, as in the increasing use of English and the loss of indigenous languages; and creating cultural convergence and divergence.
- Scale Analysis - Explain spatial relationships across various geographic scales using geographic concepts, processes, models, or theories.
- Social constructionism
- Urbanization
- Globalization
- Time-space compression/convergence
- Newspaper-Radio-TV-Internet-Social Media influence on cultural transmittion
- Activism and social movements
TOPIC 3.7 - Diffusion of Religion and Language
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- The interaction of people contributes to the spread of cultural practices.
- Explain what factors lead to the diffusion of universalizing and ethnic religions.
- Language families, languages, dialects, world religions, ethnic cultures, and gender roles diffuse from cultural hearths.
- Diffusion of language families, including Indo-European, and religious patterns and distributions can be visually represented on maps, in charts and toponyms, and in other representations.
- Religions have distinct places of origin from which they diffused to other locations through different processes. Practices and belief systems impacted how widespread the religion diffused.
- Universalizing religions, including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism, are spread through expansion and relocation diffusion.
- Ethnic religions, including Hinduism and Judaism, are generally found near the hearth or spread through relocation diffusion.
- Source Analysis - Explain how maps, images, and landscapes illustrate or relate to geographic principles, processes, and outcomes.
- Religion
- Ethnic vs universalizing religions
- Autonomous vs hierarchical religions
- World's major religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam
- Religious hearths, diffusion, and cultural regions
- Religious landscapes
- Religious architecture
- Secularism
- Statism
- Ideology
TOPIC 3.8 - Effects of Diffusion
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
- Cultural ideas, practices, and innovations change or disappear over time.
- Explain how the process of diffusion results in changes to the cultural landscape.
- Acculturation, assimilation, syncretism, and multiculturalism are effects of the diffusion of culture.
- Spatial Relationships: Explain spatial relationships in a specified context or region of the world, using geographic concepts, processes, models, or theories.
- Cultural ecology
- Cultural integration
- Syncretism
- Acculturation
- Assimilation
- Multiculturalism
- Cultural landscape convergence
- Placelessness